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\nRecent decades have brought an increasing realisation that the health of the Murray-Darling Basin is at risk. An array of pressures ranging from the over allocation of water resources, poor land management planning and the expansion of primary production have all contributed to declines in river health. Fish and their habitats have been greatly affected by these pressures, with estimates suggesting native fish populations are at 10% of pre-European colonisation levels.
\nAs all levels of government explore options for improving the health of the Murray-Darling Basin, the knowledge held by people within the community who have had a lengthy association with the waterways of the Basin is being increasingly recognised as a valuable resource. People’s lived experience provides a unique insight into how changes in rivers and their associated habitats have occurred over time. Accessing and recording this information will make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the Murray-Darling Basin, and help shape the management decisions of the future to achieve improved river health outcomes.
\nMany different groups of people have developed unique relationships with rivers and their associated environments. The long history of recreational fishing within the Basin has led generations of people to spend substantial amounts of time on or near its rivers. Their desire to experience the river and to catch fish has developed a refined understanding of how fish relate to the riverine environment, and consequently how the changes to these environments have affected the status of native fisheries.
\nSimilarly, Indigenous peoples have relationships with the rivers that stretch back tens of thousands of years before the arrival of European colonisers. This strong and lasting association has also allowed Indigenous peoples to witness contemporary changes to the health of the Basin’s rivers and observe how these changes have influenced fish and their habitats. In addition, landholders, long-time residents, regular tourists and an array of other community stakeholders hold stories and memories of the river that are an invaluable resource for guiding its future management.
\nThe project represents a unique collaboration between some of Australia’s most prominent ecological oral historians (both within tertiary institutions and commercial production companies), all four Basin-state fisheries agencies and regional NRM organisations. The integration of research institutions, government and local community stakeholders provides a diverse and flexible framework to access a wide range of participants and ensure the collection, analysis and presentation of information is in accordance with national and international best practice.
\nThe project delivered a suite of oral history recordings from across the Basin, while also developing communication products in the form of radio features and community booklets. This output was deposited with the Mitchell Library of the State Library of New South Wales and the Australian Torres Strait Islander Digital Archive (ATSIDA). Physical copies are held at the Mitchell Library (Accession Record MLOH 647).
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Henry is a member of the Community Stakeholder Taskforce for the Murray-Darling Basin Native Fish Strategy. His commercial licence covers Lake Albert, Lake Alexandrina, Coorong, and the Great Southern Ocean three nautical miles out from Goolwa to Kingston. \r\n\r\nHenry talks about: his fishery's World First Environmental Management Plan and Marine Stewardship; the difference between fishing methods/equipment in the Riverland compared with the windy conditions of the Lakes, Coorong and ocean; sustainable fishing practice; effects of water over allocation (upstream); the lack of intermediate floods from the Murray and Darling, affecting the breeding cycle of fish; salt from irrigation; hypersalinity of Coorong, and possible solutions; the closure of the Murray mouth in 1981; counting bird species; and the increase of seals, sting ray, barnacles, and tube worm in the Coorong (now a marine environment); 1992 flood; plant species.\r\n\r\nOther fish species mentioned: 'bull nosed mullet'.\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"81"},["name","Spatial Coverage"],["description","Spatial characteristics of the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8076"},["text","Lake George, SA\r\n"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10146"},["text","Lake Alexandrina, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10147"},["text","Lake Albert, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10148"},["text","The Coorong, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10149"},["text","Goolwa, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10150"},["text","Clayton, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10151"},["text","Finniss, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10152"},["text","Currency Creek, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10153"},["text","Bremer tributary"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10154"},["text","Angus tributary"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10155"},["text","Adelaide, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10156"},["text","Murray Mouth, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10157"},["text","Renmark, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10158"},["text","Riverland, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10159"},["text","Lindsay Creek Reach"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10160"},["text","Wollnock Bend [near Renmark], SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10161"},["text","Melbourne, VIC"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10162"},["text","Semaphore, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10163"},["text","Woodside, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10164"},["text","Great Southern Ocean"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10165"},["text","Kingston, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10166"},["text","Mildura, VIC"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10167"},["text","Point Sturt, VIC"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10168"},["text","Wellington Weir, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10169"},["text","Mannum, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10170"},["text","Morgan, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10171"},["text","Salt Creek, SA"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"90"},["name","Provenance"],["description","A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. 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\nRecent decades have brought an increasing realisation that the health of the Murray-Darling Basin is at risk. An array of pressures ranging from the over allocation of water resources, poor land management planning and the expansion of primary production have all contributed to declines in river health. Fish and their habitats have been greatly affected by these pressures, with estimates suggesting native fish populations are at 10% of pre-European colonisation levels.
\nAs all levels of government explore options for improving the health of the Murray-Darling Basin, the knowledge held by people within the community who have had a lengthy association with the waterways of the Basin is being increasingly recognised as a valuable resource. People’s lived experience provides a unique insight into how changes in rivers and their associated habitats have occurred over time. Accessing and recording this information will make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the Murray-Darling Basin, and help shape the management decisions of the future to achieve improved river health outcomes.
\nMany different groups of people have developed unique relationships with rivers and their associated environments. The long history of recreational fishing within the Basin has led generations of people to spend substantial amounts of time on or near its rivers. Their desire to experience the river and to catch fish has developed a refined understanding of how fish relate to the riverine environment, and consequently how the changes to these environments have affected the status of native fisheries.
\nSimilarly, Indigenous peoples have relationships with the rivers that stretch back tens of thousands of years before the arrival of European colonisers. This strong and lasting association has also allowed Indigenous peoples to witness contemporary changes to the health of the Basin’s rivers and observe how these changes have influenced fish and their habitats. In addition, landholders, long-time residents, regular tourists and an array of other community stakeholders hold stories and memories of the river that are an invaluable resource for guiding its future management.
\nThe project represents a unique collaboration between some of Australia’s most prominent ecological oral historians (both within tertiary institutions and commercial production companies), all four Basin-state fisheries agencies and regional NRM organisations. The integration of research institutions, government and local community stakeholders provides a diverse and flexible framework to access a wide range of participants and ensure the collection, analysis and presentation of information is in accordance with national and international best practice.
\nThe project delivered a suite of oral history recordings from across the Basin, while also developing communication products in the form of radio features and community booklets. This output was deposited with the Mitchell Library of the State Library of New South Wales and the Australian Torres Strait Islander Digital Archive (ATSIDA). Physical copies are held at the Mitchell Library (Accession Record MLOH 647).
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She lives in Meningie and is a member of the Women’s Industry Network and Vice President of the Southern Fisherman’s Association. Tracy expresses concern about the misinformation in discussions around commercial fishing, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), and the imbalance in commercial and unregulated recreational fishing. She also discusses the activities of the Women’s Industry Network.\r\n\r\nTracy talks about: the significance of wind power on water movement and fish catch in the water systems; hypersalinity of Coorong South Lagoon; difference between brackish and salty water; brine shrimp – evidence of salinity and system collapse; history behind the construction of barrages, and the sudden changes in fresh/salt content with their opening/closing; Total Allowable Catch (TAC) quotas; Riverland Fishery; Lakes and Coorong Fishery; changes in commercial licensing and fishing methods (e.g. type of nets used); impact of fur seals in the area; harvest rotation (freshwater, estuarine, saltwater) and low-tech, low-impact fishing; management of the Narrung bund (between Lake Albert and Lake Alexandrina); acid sulfate; blackwater from anabranches; public outreach about commercial fishing activities; carp extraction. Other species mentioned: tubeworms (build ‘bombies’ or coral-like tubes), crab, rock lobster, fur seal. Note: Yellowbelly (Golden Perch) are known as Callop in this region of the Murray-Darling Basin.\r\n\r\nTracy also mentions: South Australian Research Development Institute (SARDI), Pew Trust, Marine Scale Fishery, Murray-Darling Basin Plan, Water Act, Women’s Industry Network, South Australian Seafood Industry Awards, Sea Net (Ocean Watch), Regional Development Board, Marine Stewardship Council, PIRSA Fisheries, Ramsar Treaty, National Parks Act, Lower Lakes and Coorong Infrastructure Committee."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"81"},["name","Spatial Coverage"],["description","Spatial characteristics of the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6454"},["text","Lake Albert, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8932"},["text","Lake Alexandrina, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8933"},["text","Parnka Point, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8934"},["text","Hacks Point, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8935"},["text","Ewe Island, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8936"},["text","Boundary Creek, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8937"},["text","Wellington, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8938"},["text","Ocean Beach, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8939"},["text","Goolwa, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8940"},["text","Goolwa Beach, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8941"},["text","Kensington [Jetty], SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8942"},["text","Port Elliot, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8943"},["text","Narrung, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8944"},["text","Milang, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8945"},["text","Meningie, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8946"},["text","Wellington Weir, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8947"},["text","Pomanda Island, SA"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"88"},["name","Mediator"],["description","An entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful. 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Interviewee's consent condition: Future researchers must contact Tracy Hill for access."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6491"},["text","Fisheries"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8949"},["text","Sustainable fisheries"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8950"},["text","Marine protected areas"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8952"},["text","Salinity"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8953"},["text","Licenses"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8954"},["text","Marine ecology"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8955"},["text","Blackwater"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8956"},["text","Introduced fishes"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8957"},["text","Fishing regulations"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8958"},["text","Acid sulfate soils"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8960"},["text","Fishing nets"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8962"},["text","Fishes--Identification"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"70"},["name","Blackwater"]],["tag",{"tagId":"41"},["name","Coorong"]],["tag",{"tagId":"57"},["name","Fishes--Identification"]],["tag",{"tagId":"61"},["name","Fishing nets"]],["tag",{"tagId":"63"},["name","Fishing regulations"]],["tag",{"tagId":"65"},["name","Introduced species"]],["tag",{"tagId":"150"},["name","Marine ecosystems"]],["tag",{"tagId":"145"},["name","Marine protected areas"]],["tag",{"tagId":"10"},["name","Professional fisher"]],["tag",{"tagId":"109"},["name","Salinisation"]],["tag",{"tagId":"172"},["name","Sustainable fisheries"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"238","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"762"},["src","https://dharmae.research.uts.edu.au/files/original/e9b4e488947387a46ef397dea6c4b46f.doc"],["authentication","e9a7d2ccb5a5313dfb1b059c1e4d8c18"]],["file",{"fileId":"763"},["src","https://dharmae.research.uts.edu.au/files/original/c38846cef94b471e1d7c89d17c0ff146.mp3"],["authentication","f23f63dd0db1fd7d65c5ca595161706d"]],["file",{"fileId":"764"},["src","https://dharmae.research.uts.edu.au/files/original/357ab1a9b6aa95434c22d315e6981a2f.mp3"],["authentication","67b2e6afcc03cf1d2a608c2619685b03"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"24"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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It includes a cross section of age, class, gender, and Indigenous Australian communities."]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1892"},["text","The Talking Fish project covers 12 reaches within the Basin:
\nRecent decades have brought an increasing realisation that the health of the Murray-Darling Basin is at risk. An array of pressures ranging from the over allocation of water resources, poor land management planning and the expansion of primary production have all contributed to declines in river health. Fish and their habitats have been greatly affected by these pressures, with estimates suggesting native fish populations are at 10% of pre-European colonisation levels.
\nAs all levels of government explore options for improving the health of the Murray-Darling Basin, the knowledge held by people within the community who have had a lengthy association with the waterways of the Basin is being increasingly recognised as a valuable resource. People’s lived experience provides a unique insight into how changes in rivers and their associated habitats have occurred over time. Accessing and recording this information will make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the Murray-Darling Basin, and help shape the management decisions of the future to achieve improved river health outcomes.
\nMany different groups of people have developed unique relationships with rivers and their associated environments. The long history of recreational fishing within the Basin has led generations of people to spend substantial amounts of time on or near its rivers. Their desire to experience the river and to catch fish has developed a refined understanding of how fish relate to the riverine environment, and consequently how the changes to these environments have affected the status of native fisheries.
\nSimilarly, Indigenous peoples have relationships with the rivers that stretch back tens of thousands of years before the arrival of European colonisers. This strong and lasting association has also allowed Indigenous peoples to witness contemporary changes to the health of the Basin’s rivers and observe how these changes have influenced fish and their habitats. In addition, landholders, long-time residents, regular tourists and an array of other community stakeholders hold stories and memories of the river that are an invaluable resource for guiding its future management.
\nThe project represents a unique collaboration between some of Australia’s most prominent ecological oral historians (both within tertiary institutions and commercial production companies), all four Basin-state fisheries agencies and regional NRM organisations. The integration of research institutions, government and local community stakeholders provides a diverse and flexible framework to access a wide range of participants and ensure the collection, analysis and presentation of information is in accordance with national and international best practice.
\nThe project delivered a suite of oral history recordings from across the Basin, while also developing communication products in the form of radio features and community booklets. This output was deposited with the Mitchell Library of the State Library of New South Wales and the Australian Torres Strait Islander Digital Archive (ATSIDA). Physical copies are held at the Mitchell Library (Accession Record MLOH 647).
"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1891"},["text","Australian Research Council Grant ID LP120200117"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1893"},["text","image/tiff"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1894"},["text","image/jpeg"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1895"},["text","audio/mpeg"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1896"},["text","application/msword"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1897"},["text","University of Technology, Sydney"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1898"},["text","Murray-Darling Basin Authority"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1901"},["text","NSW Fisheries"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12893"},["text","Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1899"},["text","Prof. Heather Goodall"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1900"},["text","Dr Jodi Frawley"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12892"},["text","Hamish Sewell"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","Date Created"],["description","Date of creation of the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1902"},["text","Data collected between 2010-07-01 and 2011-06-30."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1904"},["text","The publication resulting from data collected for Talking Fish is openly accessible and available for download:
Frawley, J., Nichols, S., Goodall, H. and Baker, E. (2012). Talking fish: Making connections with the rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin, Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Canberra. View or download from publisher..."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"81"},["name","Spatial Coverage"],["description","Spatial characteristics of the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8229"},["text","Namoi River (NSW)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8230"},["text","Upper Condamine River (QLD)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8231"},["text","Katarapko Creek (SA)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8232"},["text","Upper Murrumbidgee River (NSW, ACT)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8233"},["text","Culgoa ‐Balonne Rivers (QLD, NSW)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8234"},["text","Paroo River (QLD)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8235"},["text","Goulburn River (VIC)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8236"},["text","Darling and the Great Anabranch (NSW)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8237"},["text","Ovens River (VIC)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8238"},["text","Mainstem Murray River (NSW, VIC)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8239"},["text","Darling River – Bourke to Brewarrina (NSW)"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8240"},["text","The Coorong and Lower Lakes (SA)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"82"},["name","Temporal Coverage"],["description","Temporal characteristics of the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8297"},["text","The period the data refers to spans from the early 20th century to the early 21st century."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"52"},["name","Alternative Title"],["description","An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12890"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"4"},["name","Oral History"],["description","A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"2"},["name","Interviewer"],["description","The person(s) performing the interview"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3108"},["text","Hamish Sewell"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"3"},["name","Interviewee"],["description","The person(s) being interviewed"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3109"},["text","Gary Hera-Singh"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"11"},["name","Duration"],["description","Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10303"},["text","Part 1 01:27:41"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10304"},["text","Part 2 00:35:36"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3095"},["text","Coorong and Lower Lakes: Oral History of Gary Hera-Singh"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3096"},["text","Heather Goodall"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3097"},["text","Jodi Frawley"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3098"},["text","University of Technology, Sydney"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3099"},["text","2011-02-09"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3100"},["text","Murray-Darling Basin Authority"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3101"},["text","NSW Department of Primary Industries - NSW Fisheries"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3102"},["text","Copyright University of Technology, Sydney"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"42"},["name","Format"],["description","The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3103"},["text","application/msword"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3104"},["text","audio/mpeg"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3105"},["text","English"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"63"},["name","Access Rights"],["description","Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3106"},["text","Open access"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"64"},["name","License"],["description","A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3107"},["text","CC-BY"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4632"},["text","An interview in two parts with Gary Hera-Singh.\r\n\r\nGary is a commercial fisher in the Lower Lakes and Coorong Fishery for 28 years; a third generation fisher on his father’s side, and a fifth generation fisher on his mother’s side (lineage to the Rumbelow family, and whalers from Victor Harbour, South Australia). His family came to the Lower Lakes in the 1930s. Gary lives and grew up in the Meningie area, four-hundred metres from Lake Albert. Gary discusses the three different habitats – marine, estuarine (the most productive system), and fresh water. He recalls life as a youngster working at his grandfather’s fish processing business. He has not been able to fish commercially in the Coorong south lagoon for 20 years due to hyper-salinity, and is concerned about the government’s targeting of commercial fishers and fisheries rather than habitat degradation. The low-tech, high physical-input nature and rotational harvesting of the fishing industry is a factor in its sustainability. The Lower Lakes and Coorong Fishery incorporates Lake Albert, Lake Alexandrina, the Coorong from Goolwa to Salt Creek, the ocean from Goolwa Beach Road to outside Kingston. The Coorong relies on Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria.\r\n\r\nGary talks about: differences in fishing over 80 years from family history and personal observation ‘every year was different’; history of the Coorong and Lower Lakes Fishery, documented since 1854; the commercial fishing industry in Meningie (including when the coastal road through Meningie and Coorong was main route to Melbourne from Adelaide); history post World War II, including native vegetation land clearing; changes in licensing, which were freely available until mid-1970s when zoning occurred; commercial fishing registration, which influenced fishing behaviour (return on investment) due to administrative load; monthly ‘Catch and Effort’ data reported to government; health of region before construction of barrages 1935-40; the reduction in estuary size of Lake Alexandrina; changes to fish ecology separating salt from fresh water; changes to flood patterns; declining river flows; water extraction; degradation of habitat and lifecycles of estuarine-dependent species; bait fish industry (rock lobster market); the chain affect of water hyper salinity in the South Lagoon on species; brine shrimp – evidence of salinity and system collapse; rate of water release from lakes into the Coorong and sea; high percentage of carp in Lake Alexandrina; ground and surface water flows; 1981 closing of the Murray mouth; acid-sulfate soil; fishery closures in New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia; Riverland Fishery (most sustainable model); importance of fish ways to their movement upstream; certification in 2008 of the Lower Lakes and Coorong Fishery; parallels in fishing methods with historical methods; traditional knowledge transfer, Ngarrindjeri peoples.\r\n\r\nGary also discusses the flood of 1956, and a severe drought in the last five years where water levels dropped a metre below sea level.\r\n\r\nOther fish mentioned (unspecified species): Australian Salmon, soft-mouthed Hardyhead. Gary discusses an interesting relationship between Dandelion plants and fish movement.\r\n\r\nOther mentions: President of Southern Fisherman’s Association (Gary has historical minutes of meetings); Murray-Darling Basin water management plan; Department of Environment; Department of Water; Riverland Fishery (South Australia); Fisheries Act; Marines Stewardship Council Certification; World Wide Fund for Nature, Scheme of Management; Department of Fisheries; South Australian Research Development Institute."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"81"},["name","Spatial Coverage"],["description","Spatial characteristics of the resource."],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8082"},["text","Milang, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8899"},["text","Goolwa, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8900"},["text","Pelican Point, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8901"},["text","Meningie, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8902"},["text","Narrung, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8903"},["text","Mount Gambier, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8904"},["text","Melbourne, VIC"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8905"},["text","Adelaide, SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8906"},["text","The Coorong [south lagoon], SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8907"},["text","The Coorong [north lagoon], SA"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8908"},["text","Goolwa Barrage. 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